哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾管理办法（附英文）
黑龙江省哈尔滨市人民政府
哈尔滨市人民政府令第223号
哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾管理办法（附英文）
《哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾管理办法》，已经2010年8月27日市人民政府第69次常务会议通过，现予发布，自2010年10月20日起施行
代市长：林铎
二〇一〇年九月十四日
哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾管理办法
第一条 为加强城市建筑垃圾管理，保障城市市容和环境卫生整洁，根据国务院《城市市容和环境卫生管理条例》、《黑龙江省城市市容和环境卫生管理条例》、《哈尔滨市市容环境卫生管理条例》等有关规定，结合本市实际，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法适用于本市城市规划区内建筑垃圾的排放、运输、回填、消纳、利用等处置活动。
第三条 本办法所称建筑垃圾，是指新建、改建、扩建和拆除各类建筑物、构筑物、管网以及装修房屋过程中所产生的弃土、弃料及其它废弃物。
本办法所称建筑垃圾消纳，是指按照环境卫生、环境保护相关要求接收、容纳建筑垃圾的过程。
第四条 建筑垃圾管理坚持减量化、资源化、无害化处置和谁产生、谁承担处置责任的原则。
鼓励单位和个人优先采用建筑垃圾综合利用产品。
第五条 市城市市容环境卫生行政主管部门（以下简称市市容环卫部门）负责本市城市建筑垃圾的管理工作，并负责本办法的组织实施。
区城市市容环境卫生行政主管部门（以下简称区市容环卫部门）按照职责分工，负责本辖区内建筑垃圾的管理工作。
集中行使城市管理行政处罚权的行政执法部门（以下简称城管执法部门），负责实施本办法规定的行政处罚。
城乡建设、城乡规划、国土资源、环境保护、住房保障和房产管理、财政、价格、交通运输、公安、质量技术监督等行政主管部门及街道办事处应当按照各自的职责做好建筑垃圾管理的相关工作。
第六条 建筑垃圾的排放、运输和消纳按照国家和省有关规定实行核准制度；未经核准，不得擅自排放、运输和消纳。
产生建筑垃圾的建设或者拆迁单位，应当在工程开工前持建筑垃圾处置计划和《建设工程施工许可证》或者《建筑工程基础承诺书》，向市市容环卫部门提出建筑垃圾排放申请，经核准取得《建筑垃圾排放处置证》后，方可排放。
运输建筑垃圾的单位，应当持《车辆行驶证》、《道路运输证》、《运输车辆密闭合格证》，向市市容环卫部门提出建筑垃圾运输申请，经核准取得《建筑垃圾准运证》后，方可运输。《建筑垃圾准运证》实行一车一证。对个人不予核准《建筑垃圾准运证》。
消纳建筑垃圾的单位，应当持国土资源、城乡规划、环境保护行政主管部门批准文件，向市市容环卫部门提出申请，经核准取得《建筑垃圾消纳处置证》后，方可消纳。
市市容环卫部门接到申请后，应当在3个工作日内完成审查，核发建筑垃圾处置核准文件；不予核发的，应当告知原因。
第七条 任何单位和个人不得伪造、涂改、倒卖、出租、转借建筑垃圾处置核准证件。
第八条 城乡建设和拆迁行政主管部门应当在核发建设施工、拆迁许可文件的同时，将建设工程、拆迁工程排放建筑垃圾的有关信息转送市市容环卫部门和市城管执法部门。
实行承诺制的建设工程，应当将承诺单位排放建筑垃圾的有关信息转送市市容环卫部门和市城管执法部门。
市市容环卫部门应当将核准排放的建筑垃圾有关信息反馈给城乡建设、拆迁行政主管部门和市城管执法部门。
第九条 产生建筑垃圾的建设单位或者拆迁单位，应当监督施工单位按照本办法规定组织清运建筑垃圾。
第十条 施工单位应当将建筑垃圾交给经核准从事建筑垃圾运输的单位运输，并签订运输合同。运输合同应当向工程所在地的区市容环卫部门和市城管执法部门备案。
建筑垃圾运输单位不得将建筑垃圾再进行转包。
第十一条 施工单位应当及时清运建筑垃圾，保持工地和周边环境整洁。
第十二条 施工单位应当按照运输车辆的核定载质量装载建筑垃圾，不得超高、超量装载。
超高、超载、密闭不严的运输车辆不得驶出工地。
第十三条 施工单位应当对工地出入口进行硬铺装，配备相应的冲洗设施。
运输车辆驶出工地前，施工单位应当将运输车辆车厢外侧和轮胎清理、清洗干净。
第十四条 建筑垃圾排放按照国家有关规定，实行收费制度，具体收费标准由市价格行政主管部门核定。
产生建筑垃圾的单位，应当按照规定缴纳处置费。
第十五条 施工单位处置建筑垃圾情况，实行综合信用评价管理。属于建筑施工的，纳入建筑企业综合信用评价体系进行管理；属于拆除施工的，纳入房屋拆除信用评价进行管理。
市市容环卫部门和市城管执法部门应当将建筑施工单位处置建筑垃圾的情况提供给市建筑企业综合信用评价机构或者市房屋拆迁行政主管部门，按照规定程序记入企业信用档案。
第十六条 运输建筑垃圾的车辆应当按照《哈尔滨市自卸汽车密闭厢盖技术规范》的要求安装密闭装置，经具有资质的产品检验机构检验合格后，方可使用。
市市容环卫部门应当将经核准的车辆在市市容环卫部门信息网站、报纸等媒体上公布，方便社会使用，接受社会监督。
第十七条 运输建筑垃圾的单位应当在运输建筑垃圾前，持《建筑垃圾准运证》到市市容环卫部门领取《运输卡》，并随车携带备查。
《运输卡》由市市容环卫部门和市公安交通管理部门联合办理。
《运输卡》应当载明运输工地、运输路线、排放时间、消纳场地等内容。
第十八条 从事运输建筑垃圾的单位应当遵守下列规定：
（一）承运经核准排放的建筑垃圾。
（二）按照运输车辆核定载质量运输，封闭严密，不沿途撒落。
（三）随车携带《建筑垃圾准运证》、《建筑垃圾运输卡》，并放置在车辆风挡玻璃内侧，自觉接受监督检查。
（四）按照公安交通部门指定的运输路线和时间行驶。
（五）在指定的消纳场倾卸，服从场地管理人员指挥，并取得回执备查。
第十九条 设置建筑垃圾消纳场应当符合规划和市容环境卫生、环境保护、国土资源等有关管理规定，并按照规定办理相关审批手续。
市市容环卫部门应当将经核准的消纳场所在市市容环卫部门信息网站、报纸等媒体上公布。
第二十条 建筑垃圾消纳应当遵守下列规定：
（一）消纳场区四周应当设置不低于2米的实体围墙，并配备防污染的设施。
（二）配备专人管理，保持场地设施完好、卫生整洁。
（三）建立完善的消纳登记回执制度，及时登记并发放回执。
（四）不得受纳工业垃圾、生活垃圾和有毒有害的垃圾。
第二十一条 单位装修产生建筑垃圾的，应当向区市容环卫部门申报，按照区市容环卫部门指定的地点临时堆放、苫盖严密，并雇佣经核准的运输车辆及时清运。
个人装修产生建筑垃圾，实行物业管理的，应当提前向物业服务企业申报；未实行物业管理的，应当提前向街道办事处申报，并在物业服务企业或者街道办事处指定的地点临时堆放、苫盖严密，自行或者委托物业服务企业或者街道办事处雇佣经核准的运输车辆及时清运。
区市容环卫部门、街道办事处、物业服务企业指定的临时堆放地点不得影响城市交通。
第二十二条 施工产生的可利用黑土、黄土，应当单独排放、运输，送到市市容环卫部门指定的地点存放。
需要回填或者利用建筑垃圾的单位，应当持产生建筑垃圾单位的同意证明、需求量、雇佣车辆等有关资料，向市市容环卫部门申报，经市市容环卫部门核准后方可回填或者利用。市市容环卫部门应当将核准信息转送市城管执法部门。
回填或者利用建筑垃圾，应当建立接收登记制度，并设专人对接收建筑垃圾的情况进行登记管理。接收结束后，应当将接收登记的记录报市市容环卫部门和市城管执法部门备案。
第二十三条 市容环卫、城管行政执法、公安交通等行政主管部门，应当依据各自职责建立建筑垃圾管理工作责任制，落实监管责任，对建筑垃圾排放、运输和消纳等行为进行监督检查。
被检查单位和有关人员应当予以配合，接受检查，提供相关文件和证件。
第二十四条 产生建筑垃圾的建设或者拆迁单位违反本办法规定，未取得《建筑垃圾排放处置证》擅自排放建筑垃圾的，由市城管执法部门责令限期改正，给予警告，处以 5000元以上3万元以下罚款。
第二十五条 施工单位违反本办法规定，有下列情形之一的，由市城管执法部门按照下列规定进行处罚：
（一）未及时清运建筑垃圾造成环境污染的，责令限期改正，处以1000元以上5000元以下罚款。
（二）将建筑垃圾交给未经核准从事建筑垃圾运输单位或者个人运输的，责令限期改正，给予警告，处以1万元以上10万元以下罚款。
（三）未对工地出入口进行硬铺装的，责令改正，处以1000元以上5000元以下罚款。
（四）运输车辆驶出工地前，未将车辆车厢外侧和轮胎清理、清洗干净的，责令限期改正，每辆车处以500元以上1000元以下罚款；拒不接受处理，情节严重的，可以滞留车辆。
（五）未与建筑垃圾运输单位签订运输合同，或者未将运输合同报区市容环卫部门和市城管执法部门备案的，责令限期改正，处以1000元以上3000元以下罚款。
（六）未按照运输车辆的核定载质量装载建筑垃圾，超高、超量装载，或者让超高、超载、密闭不严的运输车辆驶出工地的，责令改正，处以5000元以上2万元以下罚款，情节严重拒不改正的，可以依法滞留装载机械。
第二十六条 运输建筑垃圾的单位违反本办法规定，有下列情形之一的，责令限期改正，由市城管执法部门按照下列规定进行处罚：
（一）未申办建筑垃圾准运证擅自运输建筑垃圾的，每车处以500元以上2000元以下罚款。
（二）将建筑垃圾进行转包的，处以1000元以上2000元以下罚款。
（三）未到市市容环卫部门领取建筑垃圾运输卡，并随车携带备查的，每车处以200元以上500元以下罚款。
（四）使用未安装密闭装置的车辆运输建筑垃圾或者运输车辆封闭不严的，每车处以500元以上1000元以下罚款，拒不接受处理，情节严重的，可以滞留车辆。
（五）承运未经核准排放建筑垃圾的，每车处以200元以上500元以下罚款。
（六）运输过程中沿途撒落建筑垃圾的，每车处以500元以上1000元以下罚款；拒不接受处理，情节严重的，可以滞留车辆。
（七）未随车携带《建筑垃圾准运证》、《运输卡》的，处以200元罚款。
（八）擅自倾倒建筑垃圾的，每车处以2000元以上5000元以下罚款，并可以滞留运输工具。
（九）运输车辆轮胎未清洗干净，污染道路的，每车处以500元以上1000元以下罚款，拒不接受处理，情节严重的，可以滞留车辆。
故意在城市道路上倾倒垃圾损毁路面的，由公安部门依据《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》进行处罚。
第二十七条 消纳建筑垃圾的单位违反本办法规定，有下列情形之一的，由市城管执法部门责令限期改正，按照下列规定进行处罚：
（一）未取得《建筑垃圾消纳处置证》擅自消纳建筑垃圾的，给予警告，处以 1万元以上10万元以下罚款。
（二）消纳场区四周未按照规定设置围墙，配备防污染设施的，处以5000元以上1万元以下罚款。
（三）未配备专人管理，保持场地设施完好、卫生整洁的，处以1000元以上2000元以下罚款。
（四）未建立完善的消纳登记回执制度，及时登记并发放回执的，处以500元以上1000元以下罚款。
（五）受纳工业垃圾、生活垃圾和有毒有害垃圾的，处以5000元以上1万元以下罚款。
违反本条前款规定情节严重的，市市容环卫部门可以收回《建筑垃圾消纳处置证》。
第二十八条 单位和个人违反本办法规定有下列情形之一的，由市城管执法部门按照下列规定进行处罚：
（一）个人从事运输建筑垃圾的，责令改正，每车处以500元以上2000元以下罚款。
（二）涂改、倒卖、出租、转借建筑垃圾处置核准文件的，责令改正，处以5000元以上2万元以下罚款。
（三）未在指定地点堆放装修产生的建筑垃圾，或者未及时委托物业服务企业、街道办事处代为清运建筑垃圾的，责令改正，逾期未改正的，处以100元以上500元以下罚款。
第二十九条 从事建筑垃圾运输的单位有超过运输车辆核定载质量装载、沿途洒落、随意乱卸建筑垃圾等行为，一年内经过两次行政处罚仍不改正的，除按照规定进行处罚外，三年内不予办理《建筑垃圾准运证》。
第三十条 侮辱、殴打行政执法人员或者阻挠其执行公务的，由公安机关按照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》有关规定进行处理。
第三十一条 违反本办法其他规定的，由有关行政管理部门按照相关规定进行处罚。
第三十二条 市容环卫、城管行政执法、公安交通等行政主管部门及其工作人员应当依法履行职责，不得玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊。
违反本条前款规定有下列情形之一的，由其所在单位或者上级机关视情节轻重给予问责或者行政处分；构成犯罪的，移送司法机关追究刑事责任：
（一）违反规定核准《建筑垃圾排放处置证》、《建筑垃圾准运证》、《建筑垃圾消纳处置证》的；
（二）未依法对未经核准擅自排放、运输、消纳建筑垃圾的违法行为进行查处的；
（三）未按照规定转送相关信息的；
（四）未按照规定对施工单位违法装载建筑垃圾行为进行查处的；
（五）其他未依法履行监管职责的情形。
第三十三条 本办法自2010年 10月20日起施行。市人民政府2006年8月9日发布的《哈尔滨市城市建筑垃圾管理办法》同时废止。
Measures of the Municipality of Harbin for
Administration of Urban Construction Garbage
(Promulgated by Decree No.223 of the People’s Government of the Municipality
of Harbin on September 14, 2010, and effective as of October 20, 2010 )
Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Regulations on Administration of Urban City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation formulated by the State Council, the Regulations of Heilongjiang Province on Administration of Urban City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation and the Regulations of the Municipality of Harbin on Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation and other relevant regulations, by taking into account the particular circumstances of this Municipality, for the purposes of strengthening the administration of urban construction garbage and ensuring cleanness and tidiness of urban city appearance and environmental sanitation.
Article 2 These Measures shall be applicable to the disposal activities such as discharge, transport, backfill, storage for disposal, and utilization of construction garbage within the planned urban areas of this Municipality.
Article 3 The term “construction garbage” in these Measures refers to the discarded soil, materials, and other waste, which are produced in the process of constructing, reconstructing, extending, or demolishing various buildings, structures, or pipe networks, as well as in the process of housing upgrade.
The term “storage for disposal of construction garbage” in these Measures refers to the process of reception and acceptance of construction garbage according to the relevant requirements of environmental sanitation and environmental protection.
Article 4 The administration of construction garbage shall adhere to the principles of reducing the amount, turning into resources, and having the garbage innocuously treated and of whoever produces the garbage shall bear the responsibility of disposal.
All the units and individuals are encouraged to give priority to the use of comprehensive utilization products of construction garbage.
Article 5 The competent administrative department for urban city appearance and environmental sanitation of this Municipality (hereinafter referred to as the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation) shall be responsible for the administration of urban construction garbage of this Municipality, and for organizing the implementation of these Measures.
The competent administrative department for urban city appearance and environmental sanitation of a district (hereinafter referred to as the district department for city appearance and environmental sanitation) shall, according to its division of duties, be responsible for the administration of construction garbage within its jurisdiction area.
The administrative department of law enforcement which exercises the power of administrative penalty for urban management in a centralized way（hereinafter referred to as the urban management law enforcement department）shall be responsible for the imposition of administrative penalty provided in these Measures.
The competent administrative departments for urban and rural construction, urban and rural planning, land and resources, environmental protection, housing guarantee and management, finance, pricing, communications and transportation, public security, quality inspection and technical supervision and so on, as well as sub-district offices shall, according to their respective functions and duties, bring success to the relevant administration work of construction garbage.
Article 6 The approval system shall be implemented in discharge, transport and storage for disposal of construction garbage according to the relevant regulations of the State and this Province. No construction garbage may be discharged, transported or consumed without approval.
The project owner or the demolition and relocation unit producing construction garbage may not be allowed to discharge such garbage until it, prior to the commencement of the project, has made an application to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation for discharging construction garbage and obtained the Construction Garbage Discharge License upon approval by holding the construction garbage disposal plan and the Construction Project Permit or the Basic Promises on Construction Project.
The unit transporting construction garbage may not be allowed to transport the garbage until it has made an application to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation for transporting construction garbage and has obtained the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage upon approval by holding the Vehicle License, Road Transport License and the Sealing Certificate for Transport Vehicle. One Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage shall be given to one vehicle only. No individual may be approved to get the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage.
The unit storing for disposal of construction garbage may not be allowed to store for disposal of such garbage until it has made an application to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and obtained the Storage for Disposal of Construction Garbage License upon approval by holding the approval documents of the competent administrative departments for land and resources, urban and rural planning and environmental protection.
The municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation shall, within three working days after receiving the application, complete examination and issue the approval document of construction garbage disposal; in case no approval document is issued, the reason shall be notified.
Article 7 No unit or individual may forge, alter, buy in and sell, lease or borrow the approval certificates for disposal of construction garbage .
Article 8 The competent administrative departments for urban and rural construction and for demolition and relocation shall, at the same time of issuing the approval document of construction or demolition and relocation, transfer the information about discharge of construction garbage in a construction project or demolition and relocation project to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department.
For the construction project in which the promise system is exercised, the information about the discharge of construction garbage by the promising unit shall be transferred to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department.
The municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation shall feed back the information about the construction garbage approved to be discharged to the competent administrative departments for urban and rural construction and for demolition and relocation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department.
Article 9 The project owner or the demolition and relocation unit producing construction garbage shall supervise the construction unit to organize clear and transport away the construction garbage as provided in these Measures.
Article 10 The construction unit shall deliver the construction garbage for transport to the unit approved to engage in transport of construction garbage and enter into a transport contract with the latter. The transport contract shall be submitted for record to the district department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department of the place where the project is located.
The unit transporting construction garbage may not subcontract the transport of construction garbage.
Article 11 The construction unit shall clear and transport away construction garbage without delay so as to keep the building site and surrounding environment tidy and clean.
Article 12 The construction unit shall load construction garbage according to the approved loading weight of the vehicles transporting such garbage, and shall not load them over the approved height and weight.
The transport vehicle which loads construction garbage over the approved height and weight, or which is not tightly sealed may not run away from the building site.
Article 13 The construction unit shall stiffen the surfaces of entrances and exits of the construction site and equip with appropriate washing facilities.
Before the transport vehicle leaves from the construction site, the construction unit shall clean up the outer sides of carriage and tires of the vehicle.
Article 14 The charge system shall be exercised for discharge of construction garbage according to the relevant regulations of the State, and the specific charge standard shall be ratified by the municipal competent administrative department for pricing.
The unit which produces construction garbage shall pay disposal fee according to the provisions.
Article 15 The disposal of construction garbage by a construction unit shall be subject to the comprehensive credit evaluation management. In case of building construction, it shall be incorporated for management into the evaluation system of comprehensive credit of construction enterprises; in case of demolition operation, it shall be incorporated for management into the evaluation system of housing demolition credit.
The municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department shall provide the municipal agency for evaluation of comprehensive credit of construction enterprises or the municipal competent administrative department for housing demolition and relocation with the information about disposal of construction garbage by construction units, and record such information in the enterprise credit archive according to the prescribed procedure.
Article 16 Vehicles for transport of construction garbage shall be installed with seal devices in accordance with the Technical Specifications of Harbin Municipality for Hermetic Cargo Body Cover of Dump Trucks, and may not be put into use until they have passed the inspection conducted by the qualified product inspection institution.
The municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation shall make the vehicles approved public in such media as the information website of the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation or the newspapers for convenient use by and supervision of the public.
Article 17 The unit transporting construction garbage shall, before the transport, obtain the Transport Card from the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation by holding the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage, and the said Card shall be taken on the vehicle for check.
The Transport Card shall be issued by the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation in association with the municipal department for public security and traffic administration.
The construction site, transport route, discharging time and storage field for disposal shall be specified in the Transport Card.
Article 18 The unit engaged in transport of construction garbage shall abide by the following provisions:
(1) To carry construction garbage discharged upon approval;
(2) To transport construction garbage in accordance with the approved loading weight of the transport vehicle, with vehicle being closely sealed, and not to drop and scatter garbage along the way;
(3) To carry with the vehicle the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage, the Construction Garbage Transport Card and place them in the inner side of the vehicles’ window shield, and consciously accept supervision and inspection;
(4) To drive in light of the transport route and time designated by the public security and traffic department; and
(5) To dump garbage in the designated storage fields for disposal, follow the instructions of the field administrative personnel, and obtain a receipt for future inspection.
Article 19 The establishment of a storage field for disposal of construction garbage shall conform to the planning and the relevant regulations on city appearance and environmental sanitation, environmental protection, land and resources, and the examination and approval procedures shall be gone through in accordance with the regulations.
The municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation shall make the approved consumption fields public in such media as the information website of the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation or the newspapers.
Article 20 The following provisions shall be abided by in the storage for disposal of construction garbage:
(1) A solid enclosure wall not less than 2 meters shall be built to enclose the consumption field, and facilities against pollution shall be equipped in the consumption field;
(2) Special persons shall be appointed for management purpose, and the field and facilities shall be kept in good condition, clean and tidy;
(3) A complete storage for disposal registration and receipt system shall be established, and registration shall be made and the receipt shall be issued without delay; and
(4) No industrial garbage, domestic garbage, and poisonous and noxious garbage may be stored for disposal.
Article 21 Where a unit produces construction garbage in housing upgrade, it shall make a declaration to the district department for city appearance and environmental sanitation, temporarily pile up the construction garbage at the place designated by the district department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and cover them tightly, and employ approved transport vehicles to clear and transport e them away without delay.
Where an individual produces construction garbage in housing upgrade, the individual concerned shall make a declaration to the realty service enterprise in advance if realty management system is exercised; if the realty management system is not exercised, the individual concerned shall make a declaration to the sub-district office, temporarily pile up the construction garbage at the place designated by the realty service enterprise or the sub-district office and cover them tightly, and employ approved transport vehicles to clear and transport them away without delay by himself or by consigning the realty service enterprise or the sub-district office .
Any place for temporarily piling up construction garbage, which is designated by the district department for city appearance and environmental sanitation, the sub-district office, or the realty service enterprise, shall not adversely affect urban traffic.
Article 22 The usable black soil and yellow soil produced in construction shall be discharged and transported separately, and be delivered to and placed at the site designated by the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation.
The unit which needs to have construction garbage backfilled or to utilize construction garbage shall, by holding the consent certification of the unit producing such construction garbage, the quantity of construction garbage needed, the information about the employed vehicles and other materials, make a declaration to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation, and may not have the garbage backfilled or utilized until the declaration has been approved by the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation. The municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation shall transfer the information of approval information to the municipal urban management law enforcement department.
A reception and registration system shall be set up for backfilling and using construction garbage, and special persons shall be assigned to register the reception of construction garbage. Upon completion of reception, the record of reception registration shall be submitted to the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department for record.
Article 23 The competent administrative departments for city appearance and environmental sanitation, urban management law enforcement , and public security and traffic administration shall, according to their respective duties, set up the system of responsibility for administration of construction garbage, fulfill the supervision responsibility, and exercise supervision and inspection of the discharge, transport and storage for disposal of construction garbage.
The unit being inspected and the person concerned shall offer cooperation, accept inspection and provide the relevant documents and certificates.
Article 24 If the project owner or demolition unit producing construction garbage, in violation of the provisions of these Measures, fails to obtain the Construction Garbage Discharge License and discharges construction garbage without authorizations, the municipal urban management law enforcement department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit, give it a warning, and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 Yuan but not more than 30,000 Yuan.
Article 25 If the construction unit, in violation of the provisions of these Measures, commits any of the following acts, the municipal urban management law enforcement department shall impose penalties according to the following provisions:
(1) If it fails to clear and transport away construction garbage, which results in environmental pollution, the said department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit, give it a warning, and impose a fine of not less than 1,000 Yuan but not more than 5,000 Yuan.
(2) If it delivers construction garbage for transport to the unit or individual not being approved to engage in transport of construction garbage, the said department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit, give it a warning, and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 Yuan but not more than 100,000 Yuan.
(3) If it fails to stiffen the surfaces of the entrances and exits of the construction site, the said department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit, and if no correction is made upon expiry of the time limit, impose a fine of not less than 1,000 Yuan but not more than 5,000 Yuan.
(4) If, before the transport vehicle leaves from the construction site, it fails to clean up the outer sides of carriage and tires of the vehicle, the said department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit, and impose a fine of not less than 500 Yuan but not more than 1,000 Yuan for each vehicle. If it refuses to accept the penalty and the circumstance is serious, the vehicle in question may be detained.
(5) If it fails to enter into a transportation contract with the unit approved to engage in transport of construction garbage, or fails to submit the transportation contract for record to the district department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and the municipal urban management law enforcement department, the said department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit, and impose a fine of not less than 1,000 Yuan but not more than 3,000 Yuan.
(6) If it fails to load construction garbage according to the approved loading weight of the transport vehicle, or loads the garbage over the approved height or weight, or allows the transport vehicle loaded with construction garbage over the approved height or weight or not sealed tightly to leave from the construction site, the said department shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 Yuan but not more than 20,000 Yuan; if the circumstance is serious and it refuses to make corrections, the loading machines may be detained according to law.
Article 26 If the unit engaged in transport of construction garbage , in violation of the provisions of these Measures, commits any of the following acts it shall be ordered to make corrections within the specified time limit, and the municipal urban management law enforcement department shall impose penalties according to the following provisions:
(1) If it transports construction garbage without applying to get the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 500 Yuan but not more than 2,000 Yuan for each vehicle.
(2) If it subcontracts the transport of construction garbage, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 1,000 Yuan but not more than 2,000 Yuan.
(3) If it fails to obtain the Construction Garbage Transport Card from the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation and take the said Card with the vehicle for inspection, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 200 Yuan but not more than 500 Yuan for each vehicle.
(4) If it uses the vehicle not being equipped with seal devices to transport construction garbage, or the transport vehicle is not sealed tightly, the said department shall impose a fine of 500 Yuan but not more than 1,000 Yuan for each vehicle; if it refuses to accept the penalty and the circumstance is serious, the vehicle in question may be detained.
(5) If it transports the construction garbage not being approved to discharge, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 200 Yuan but not more than 500 Yuan for each vehicle.
(6) If it drops and scatters construction garbage along the way during the transport, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 500 Yuan but not more than 1,000 Yuan for each vehicle; if it refuses to accept the penalty and the circumstance is serious, the vehicle in question may be detained.
(7) If it fails to take the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage and the Transport Card with the vehicle, the said department shall impose a fine of 200 Yuan.
(8) If it dumps construction garbage without authorizations, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 2,000 Yuan but not more than 5,000 Yuan for each vehicle, and the transport tool in question may be detained.
(9) If it fails to clean up the transport vehicle’ tires, thus resulting in polluting the roads, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 500 Yuan but not more than 1,000 Yuan for each vehicle; if it refuses s to accept the penalty and the circumstance is serious, the vehicle in question may be detained.
If it deliberately dumps garbage on the urban road, thus resulting in damaging the road surface, the public security department shall impose the penalty upon it according to the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 27 If the unit for storing for disposal of garbage consumption，in violation of the provisions of these Measures, commits any of the following act the municipal urban management law enforcement department shall order it to make corrections within the specified time limit and impose penalties according to the following provisions:
(1) If it fails to obtain the Storage for Disposal of Construction Garbage License and stores for disposal of construction garbage without authorizations, the said department shall give it a warning, and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 Yuan but not more than 100,000 Yuan.
(2) If it fails to build an enclosure wall to enclose the consumption field according to the provisions, or fails to equip with anti-pollution facilities, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 5,000 Yuan but not more than 10,000 Yuan.
(3) If it fails to appoint special persons for management purpose, or fails to keep the field and facilities in good condition, sanitary and clean, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 1,000 Yuan but not more than 2,000 Yuan.
(4) If it fails to develop a complete registration and receipt system on storage for disposal of construction garbage, or fails to make registration and issue the receipt without delay, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 500 Yuan but not more than 1,000 Yuan.
(5) If it stores for disposal of industrial garbage, domestic garbage or toxic hazardous garbage, the said department shall impose a fine of not less than 5,000 Yuan but not more than 10,000 Yuan.
If the violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph of this Article is serious in, the municipal department for city appearance and environmental sanitation may take back the Storage for Disposal of Construction Garbage License.
Article 28 If any unit or individual, in violation of the provisions of these Measures, commits any of the following acts the municipal urban management law enforcement department shall impose penalties according to the following provisions:
(1) If an individual engages in transport of construction garbage, the said department shall order to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 500 Yuan but not more than 2,000 Yuan for each vehicle.
(2) If the unit or individual alters, buys in and sells, leases or borrows the approval certificates for disposal of construction garbage, the said department shall order to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 Yuan but not more than 20,000 Yuan.
(3) If the unit or individual fails to pile up construction garbage produced in housing upgrade at the designated place, or fails to consign the realty service enterprise or the sub-district office to clear and transport away construction garbage instead thereof, the said department shall order to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 100 Yuan but not more than 500 Yuan.
Article 29 Where any unit engaged in transport of construction garbage fails to make corrections even though it has been given administrative sanctions twice within one year because it loads construction garbage in excess of the approved loading weight of a transport vehicle, drops and scatters garbage along the way, or dumps the garbage randomly, it shall, in addition to the penalties imposed in accordance with the provisions, not be allowed to apply for the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage in three years.
Article 30 Those who insult or assault administrative law-enforcing officials, or obstruct them from carrying out duties, shall be penalized by the public security department in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 31 Those who violate other provisions of these Measures shall be penalized by the relevant administrative departments in accordance with the regulations concerned.
Article 32 The competent administrative departments for city appearance and environmental sanitation, urban management law enforcement, and pubic security and traffic administration, as well as their staff members, shall perform their functions and duties according to law, and shall not neglect their duties, abuse their powers, or commit illegalities by fraudulent means or for personal gains.
If any one violates the preceding paragraph of this Article and commits any of the following acts, the unit he belongs to or the organ at a higher level shall, according to the seriousness of the case，require the said person to hold accountability or give an administrative sanction; if a crime is constituted, the said person shall be transferred to the judicial organ for investigating for criminal liabilities.
(1) Approving the Construction Garbage Discharge License, the Permit for Transport of Construction Garbage or the Storage for Disposal of Construction Garbage License in violation of the provisions;
(2) Failing to investigate and punish according to law any illegal act of discharging, transporting or storing for disposal of construction garbage without approval;
(3) Failing to transfer the relevant information according to the provisions;
(4) Failing to investigate and punish according to the provisions any illegal act of loading construction garbage by the construction unit; and
(5) Other acts of failing to perform supervisory duties according to law.
Article 33 These Measures shall take effect as of October 20, 2010. The Measures of the Municipality of Harbin for Administration of Urban Construction Garbage promulgated by the municipal people’s government on August 9, 2006 shall be repealed simultaneously.
一、破产管理人承担民事责任的理论基础
（一）交易费用理论
新制度经济学者认为，法律制度的设置旨在节约交易费用。围绕这个核心，政府就要通过制定具有强制力的市场法律制度，通过一系列救济手段，减少的不确定性，最终达到降低由于社会分工和专业化程度提高而增加的交易费用的目标。现代企业日趋复杂的财会、管理和人事制度是产生独立的破产财产管理从业人员的直接动因。众多专业的破产管理人高效、有条不紊地处理着各类破产业务，确保了破产财产的保值增值。与此同时，债权人不得不提高监督成本，提防破产管理人利用职权侵吞、损害破产财产，这无形中增加了交易费用。在这种情况下，破产管理人的民事责任制度应运而生。对债权人和其他利害关系人承担的注意义务和忠实义务促使破产管理人以最为谨慎的态度对待破产财产，以期实现经营运作的最大效益。法律规定破产管理人须因民事义务的违反而承担民事责任，使得破产管理人行为的法定成本增加，执业风险加大，可以对其产生较强的威慑力，同时亦可使处于弱势地位的债权人可以安全、从容地与破产财产的经营管理分离，而不会支付高昂的成本和监督成本。
（二）法律概念分析理论
法学的魅力在于它惊人的对称性。法学方法论特别注重对概念的体系建构，强调一些基本概念的逻辑分类和对称。对同一主体而言，法律规范必须保证其权利与义务、权力与责任的一致性。就破产管理人而言，其基于法定受托人的地位能对破产财团产生巨大的支配和影响，并且随着破产管理人职业特性的成熟，他们获取管理报酬已经成为常态。对此，法律需要给他们配置相应的义务与责任，以确保法律概念体系的均衡。英美法所特有的信托财产制度也充分体现了讲求权力、权利和义务平衡的精神。衡平法有句重要格言：“拥有对他人利益的高度优越与影响之地位即为受信者或受托人”。它强调诚信义务是从处分他人利益可能性而产生的结果。破产管理人作为法定受托人，其承担执业过失民事责任的原理亦不例外。
（三）社会公共政策理论
学者指出：破产法上除了债权人的利益之外还有其他利益需要顾及，处理破产问题，除了尊重诸如债权人保护的经济价值之外，还应当重视经济价值之外的其他诸如道德的、政治的、社会的以及社会个体利益的价值等。破产管理人对破产财产掌握和控制已经不仅仅代表着全体债权人的利益了，他们的管理行为还关系到广大雇员的生计和国家的税收。社会使命的背负把破产管理人推上了利益冲突的浪尖。由于大公司大企业破产财产的公平分配直接影响着社会经济生活的稳定，为了对破产管理人进行有效的控制和监督，立法者要求破产管理人承担执业过失民事责任的态度已经异常坚决。
（四）权利滥用禁止理论
所谓权利滥用之禁止，是指一切民事权利之行使，不得超过其正当界限，行使权利超过其正当界限，则构成权利滥用，应承担侵权责任。根据这一理论，破产管理人因其法定受托人的地位对整个破产财团的控制权，他们可以基于破产财产最大化的正当目的行使其控制权，但其运用其控制力对破产财团的经营决策施加影响时，应该是为了破产财团和全体债权人的整体利益而行事，不得为自己谋取不正当利益，亦不得疏于注意导致破产财产遭受损害。如果破产管理人未能履行法律规定的诚信义务，则应承担相应的损害赔偿责任。
二、破产管理人民事责任的性质
依民法理论，破产管理人在执业过程中因出现差错而发生的民事责任，可以分为违约责任与侵权责任两种。违反约定义务承担违约责任，而违反法定义务则须承担侵权责任。在历史上，合同法一直是法官用以控制专业人士行为的主要手段。法律用隐含条款的方式载明专业人士必须运用合理的注意和技能来弥补合同条款的漏洞和不足。所不同的是，破产管理人尽管也以专业人士的身份提供服务，但法院从一开始就在破产管理人的选任中扮演着重要角色，成为不可替代的部分，这在很大程度上削弱了破产管理人作为全体债权人受托人的色彩。考虑到破产程序一般强制执行程序的性质和破产管理人法定受托人的法律地位，不论破产管理人是由法院任命还是由债权人会议任命，均不能降低破产管理人的执业注意标准。立法和判例中总结确立的破产管理人民事义务是在对社会公共政策审度后的一种概括，目的是为了制约处于优势地位的破产管理人，保护债权人和其他利害关系人的合法利益。因此，由违反法定注意义务和忠实义务引起的侵权责任在破产管理人执业过程中的作用是基础性的。在侵权法迅速发展的破产管理人的责任承担对象不再仅仅是债权人了，而且扩展到有利害关系的第三人，侵权责任以其开放性、灵活性倍受法官青睐。正是基于此，新《破产法》第二十二条第三款规定：“指定管理人和确定管理人报酬的办法，由最高人民法院规定”。2007年4月12日，最高人民法院公布了由本院审判委员会第1422次会议通过的《关于审理企业破产案件指定管理人的规定》，该规定于2007年6月1日施行。由此可见，我国法院对管理人的委托采用指定方式，所以，我国破产管理人的民事责任属侵权民事责任。
三、破产管理人民事责任制度的构建
（一）主观过错或无过错
大体上，美国判例法在破产管理人民事责任标准领域有三种主要观点或曰三个发展阶段：故意标准、过失标准和重大过失标准。笔者认为，美国的破产管理人民事责任主观标准的发展阶段是与其托管人制度的发展分不开的。英美法系国家凭借高度发达、完善的信托制度，将财产的信托关系引入企业破产法，使受托人在法律上具有独立地位，仅以受托人的名义为法律行为，建立了成熟的托管人制度。新《破产法》施行后，最高人民法院启动了企业破产法司法解释起草工作，目前已经完成《企业破产法司法解释（征求意见稿）》。《企业破产法司法解释（征求意见稿）》第十一章法律责任四—管理人民事责任中，提及到过错责任和备选方案中的无过错责任。笔者认为，目前我国破产管理人民事责任宜适用过错责任，且宜采用故意和重大过失标准。理由是：1、我国的破产管理人还处于培育阶段。我国的破产管理人指定制度正是考虑到了这一点。2、我国破产管理人执业现状的需要。（1）被动执业，报酬难以预期。如以随机方式确定的异地破产管理人，在对破产企业的财产状况一无所知、未能对管理风险和管理能力进行评估的情况下，被动接受指定，而且无正当理由不得拒绝法院的指定，无疑增加了其执业风险。管理人业务作为一个新兴的行业，管理人对报酬的期盼值比较高。但如何确定管理人的报酬对法官而言是个两难的选择。（2）职工问题及相关费用难以解决。来自北京二中院的调研报告显示：“企业破产法虽然规定了专业管理人制度，取代了以前带有浓厚行政色彩的清算组，但在新旧法过渡时期，在国有企业破产案件中清算组的存在仍然是非常必要的。实践证明，国有企业破产中许多历史遗留问题，如职工安置等，不是管理人单独能够解决的，需要政府等多方力量来综合治理，共同解决，清算组存在有特定的作用”。（3）责任重，风险高。来自福建省司法厅的数据显示，2007年度年检的福建省律师事务所337家，4163名律师，其中厦门市律师事务所55家，815名律师。但报名参选福建省高级人民法院企业破产案件管理人名册（名额：机构20个，个人10名）的，只有25家律师事务所和59名律师(其中厦门6家，13名律师)最后入选的只有15家律师事务所（厦门5家），9名律师（厦门4名）。
（二）义务的违反
在破产管理人承担的民事义务中，破产管理人所承担的忠实义务居于首要位置。破产管理人的忠实义务要求破产管理人不得以损害债权人和其他利害关系人利益的方式行为，不得将自己或与自己有关联的人的个人利益置于债权人利益和其他利害关系人利益之上。破产管理人忠实义务的核心在于破产管理人不应当利用自己作为破产财团受托人的身份获得个人利益。就忠实义务的本质而言，忠实义务属于一种客观性义务，同时也是一种道德性义务，它强调破产管理人实施的与债权人和其他利害关系人利益有关的行为必须具有公正性。在实践中，破产管理人的忠实义务常有以下表现形式：1、破产管理人不得因自己的身份而受益。2、破产管理人不得收受贿赂、某种秘密利益或所允诺的其他好处。3、破产管理人必须严守竞业禁止原则。4、破产管理人非经允许不得泄漏破产业务的商业秘密。5、破产管理人不得侵吞破产财产及其掌握的其他财产。6、破产管理人不得利用破产财团的和商事机会。破产管理人的忠实义务采用了客观的标准，无须深入考察破产管理人的主观意图，违反忠实义务的认定相对简单和直接。
相对忠实义务而言，破产管理人注意义务则复杂许多。目前世界各国都通过制定法或判例法的形式先后确立了破产管理人承担的一般性注意义务。注意义务是指履行一个普通谨慎的人在相似情况下将付出的注意与勤奋的义务。破产管理人的注意义务本质上是一种管理性的义务，是破产管理人在管理破产财产活动时应依法运用自己的才能、技能、知识、判断和经验并达到某种标准的义务。破产管理人的注意义务与其承担的职责紧密相连。在实践中，破产管理人的注意义务具体表现主要有：1、谨慎接管债务人移交的全部财产和与财产有关的一切帐册文件。2、对破产财团的管理处分，包括保管清理破产财产、继续经营债务人事业等。3、对破产债权的调查审查。4、尽心处理各种诉讼仲裁活动。5、向法院、债权人和其他利害关系人报告工作和通告。6、请求召开债权人会议。7、对取回权、别除权的标的物的善管义务。8、依法变价和分配破产财产。9、审慎选择委托提供相关服务的专业人士。10、与破产程序相关的其他注意义务。
破产管理人除了要承担其作为破产管理人的注意义务以外，还要承担其他法律上的注意义务。如果破产管理人继续经营公司业务的，必须遵守公司法上关于公司董事注意义务的规定。此时，破产管理人在经营管理过程中的注意义务则表现为：1、遵守公司法和其他制定法规定的注意义务。2、遵守公司章程规定的注意义务；在授权范围内行为的注意义务。3、一般的勤勉义务。
（三）损害后果
按照大陆法系和英美法系的理论，过错责任必须具备损害后果这一要件。侵权损害可分为两大类别即有形损害和无形损害，其中，有形损害包括侵犯他人的有形财产和有形人格而导致的损害，而无形损害包括侵犯他人的经济利益和无形人格而导致的损害。破产管理人作为破产财团的法定受托人，控制和经营破产财产，其执业过失导致利害关系人损害一般被认为属于财产损失范畴。实践中，破产管理人的失职行为既可能导致破产财团的积极损失，如额外付出、财物的毁损灭失，又可能导致破产财团的消极损失，如利润损失、商事机会的丧失。因此，“财产”一词应作扩充解释，包括有形财产和无形财产。对无形财产侵害所造成的损失在普通法中称为“纯经济损失”。破产管理人侵权行为的损害后果包括对破产财团有形财产的损害是毫无疑问的。在现代两大法系国家，过失侵权原则上不对他人的纯经济损失提供保护，仅仅在例外的情况下，过失侵权法始对原告的纯经济损失提供保护。过失侵权法究竟保护哪些范围内的纯经济损失，各国并无统一的标准。
（四）因果关系
因果关系是侵权行为法中的重要概念。在民事责任中，因果关系通常被视为联系侵权行为和损害后果之间的逻辑纽带。在侵权法尤为发达的普通法国家，法官采取了“事实原因”和“法律原因”两分法的分析进路。法官们在实践中总结出“除非判断法”来确定被告行为是否属于事实原因，即“如果没有被告的行为，原告是否还会遭受相同的损失”，如果答案是“否”，则被告的行为会被视为原告损失的必备条件，即事实原因成立；如果答案是“是”，则被告的行为不是必备条件，也就不可能成为事实原因。通常，法官会考虑以下几个方面的因素：时间上的顺序性、原因现象的客观性、结果的自然性和合理性等。实践中居于统治地位的法律原因认定方法是“可预见性”规则，该规则强调被告只对自己可以预见的损害后果承担法律责任，可预见性是以普通理性之人在相类似情形下的预见能力为衡量标准。
（五）责任的免除及限制
1、免责情形
破产管理人在履行职责过程中受到诸多限制，这在一定程度上增加了管理的难度，如果法律无视破产管理人执业风险过高的事实，则显失公平，不利于这一职业的生存和发展。（1）商事判断规则。其基本涵义是破产管理人直接控制破产财团经营决策时，只要基于合理的商业目的进行风险性经营活动，即使失败，亦免于责任追究。除非该错误是由于管理人主观过错造成的。（2）法院指令。法律规定，破产管理人的行为如果事先得到法院的许可，可取得责任豁免。该条件只在管理人善意利用法院指令行事时方可免责。（3）时效限制。罗马法上有句法谚：“法律不保护权利的睡眠者。”时效制度设立的初衷，就在于对民事权利的限制。对破产程序中的利害关系人而言，要求破产管理人承担民事损害赔偿责任的权利属于请求权，适用诉讼时效。（4）最高限额赔偿。目前各国破产法并没有对最高赔偿额制度作出规定，但我们可以在海商法中找到类似的制度。我国海商法第11章对海事赔偿责任限制作了详细的规定，采用了“计算单位”这一标准。
